OLIVER HOLDEN
Oliver Holden (b. Shirley, Mass., 18 Sept. 1765; d. Charlestown, Mass., 4 Sept. 1844) was a composer, singing master, carpenter, storekeeper, and town official of Charlestown. Holden served in the Revolutionary War. His attendance at a singing school in 1783 stimulated him to compose, and he began to teach his own schools in that year. By the mid-1780s he was clerk to Lemuel Cox, whose bridge over the Charles River, connecting Boston and Charlestown, opened in 1786. Settling in Charlestown, he worked for a time as a carpenter. In the years 1792-1807 he was active as a psalmodist and composer of occasional pieces, his published music tending more than many of his American-born contemporaries to follow European theoretical principles. From the early 1790s he was also involved in land dealings, and between 1818 and 1833 he was many times elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives. Born a Congregationalist, he later became a Baptist. He was also a Free-mason.
Amerigrove, Baker's, Bio-bib, DAB, Grove, Metcalf, Sonneck-Upton. Also Kroeger 1976a, p. 191-97, 221-24, and elsewhere; McCormick 1963.
See also No. 226.
AMERICAN HARMONY, 1792
ASMI 236
American Harmony: containing, a variety of airs, suitable for divine worship, on thanksgivings, ordinations, Christmas, fasts, funerals, and other occasions. Together with a number of psalm tunes, in three and four parts. The whole intirely new. By Oliver Holden, teacher of music, in Charlestown.
The singers went before, the players on instruments followed after; amongst them were the damsels playing with timbrels. Psalm lxviii. 25.
Published according to act of Congress. Printed, typographically, at Boston, by Isaiah Thomas, and Ebenezer T. Andrews, Faust's statue, No. 45, Newbury Street. -MDCCXCII.
32 p. 13 x 21 cm.
Boston Independent Chronicle, 30 Aug. 1792, prints subscription proposal for a collection of 'original sacred music' by Oliver Holden. Preface dated Charlestown, 27 Sept. 1792. Announced as just published, Worcester Massachusetts Spy, 25 Oct. 1792. p. [1], t-p.; p. [2], 'Preface' & 'Index'; p. 3-32, music. 'When the following pieces of Music were composed, it was not the intention of the Author to make them public; and no motive could have induced him to do it, but the request and patronage of his friends. [New par.] He is conscious that, in point of composition, they will not bear the test of criticism, especially with those whose advantages for acquiring the knowledge of so nice an art, have been greatly superior to those of the Author; but with a view to increase his own knowledge, and an humble reliance on the candour of the public, he has presumed to let them appear. [New par.] With respect to the manner of performing the Music, the Author wishes that the time in general might be slow, and the strains soft. Doubtless singing Choirs, in general, are too inattentive to these important parts of Music. By hurrying a piece of Music, performers are more likely to sing harsh; in consequence of which, good pronunciation is lost. To remedy this, it is necessary that the words be read, and the subject be well understood by every performer, before the notes are applied; In so doing, the importance of the words will become the surest guide.' (Extract from Preface.)
13 compositions, incl. 4 anthems & 3 set-pieces, for 3 & 4 voices; full text. T-p. & preface attrib. all to Holden. 13 1st pr. identified. All are American.
No Core Repertory.
E24403 (MWA). CtY, DLC, MH, MHi (2), MSaE (2; 1 b.w. The Federal Harmony, [ca. 1791]), MWA, NN* (errata list, without heading, pasted to inside front cover), NNUT, RPB.
NOTE: About a month after American Harmony appeared in print, Ebenezer T. Andrews wrote from Boston to his partner Isaiah Thomas in Worcester: 'Have you sold any of Holden's Musick[?] They sell very well here.' Letter dated 28 Oct. 1792, Thomas Papers.
THE CHARLESTOWN COLLECTION, 1803
ASMI 237
The Charlestown Collection of Sacred Songs. Adapted to public and private devotion. Principally original compositions. By Oliver Holden. Published according to act of Congress. Printed, typographically, at Boston, by Isaiah Thomas and Ebenezer T. Andrews. Sold at their bookstore, No. 45, Newbury-Street; by said Thomas, in Worcester; and by the booksel-lers in town and country. - November, 1803.
80 p. 12.5 x 22 cm.
Advertisement dated Charlestown, 1 Nov. 1803. The Boston Independent Chronicle, 7 Nov. 1803, announced the work as just published. p. [1], t-p.; p. [2], 'Advertisement', 'Index'; p. [3]-80, music. As this little work is principally designed for a Supplement to larger Collections, and as an Appendix to the Eighth edition of the Worcester Collection, it was thought unnecessary to add the Rudiments. [New par.] It has been the constant endeavour of the Author to compose the music in a style suited to the solemnity of sacred devotion; and which he hopes will accord with the sentiments and feelings of real worshippers. [New par.] As Sacred Poetry in general is best adapted to the pensive or solemn, he has aimed to give that air or character to the following compositions; which, if he is not deceived, will produce no trifling effect on auditors or performers.' (Advertisement in full.)
79 compositions, incl. 2 set-pieces, for 3 & 4 voices; full text. Attribs. to J. Cole (7), Kimbal. 54 1st pr. claimed; 54 identified. 79 American compositions (8 attrib. Americans; 71 traced).
No Core Repertory.
S4391 (MB). MB, MiU-C*, NNUT, NJPT.
DEDICATORY POEM, 1794
ASMI 238
With Joyful Hearts, &c. A Dedicatory Poem. (Written by Mr. Lovett, and set to music by Oliver Holden, of Charlestown, Massachusetts) for performance at the dedication of the New Brick Meeting House in the city of Lansingburg, and suitable for other public occasions. (Price 12 cents.) (Published according to at [sic] of Congress.)
8 p. 17 x 25.5 cm.
[1794.] According to Weise 1877, p. 14-15, the New Brick Church (Presbyterian) was dedicated 22 June 1794. The Boston Independent Chronicle, 23 Oct. 1794 carried an advertisement in which Holden announced a 'Dedicatory Poem' as just published and for sale. p. [1], caption title; p. [1]-8, music.
1 set-piece for 4 voices; full text. Attrib. to Holden. Identified as 1st pr. American composition.
Not in Core Repertory.
Not in Evans (no copy on Readex). MWA*.
ASMI 238A
Dedicatory Poem. Words by Lovett
4l.
This undated item, lacking all data about the occasion for which the piece-set to the text beginning 'With joyful hearts and tuneful song' - was composed, is presumed to be later than the 1794 issue. L. I recto, caption title; 1. 1-3 recto & verso, 1. 4 recto, music; 1. 4 verso blank.
1 set-piece for 4 voices; full text. No attrib. Not a 1st pr. American composition.
Not in Core Repertory.
Not in Evans (no copy on Readex). RPB*.
A DIRGE, 1797, OR LATER
ASMI 239
A Dirge. Composed on the death of a young lady in Boston. Words selected.
21.114 x 21.5 cm.
[1797 or later.] The single composition in this item was claimed as a 1st pr. in No. 250, Holden, The Worcester Collection, 6th ed. (Boston, 1797). Therefore the item must have appeared in 1797 or later. The only copy discovered is bound with No. 527, Wood, A Funeral Elegy (Boston, 1800). 1st 1. recto blank; verso, caption title; 1st 1. verso & 2d 1. recto, music; 2d 1. verso blank.
1 set-piece for 4 voices; full text. No attrib. Not a 1st pr. American composition.
Not in Core Repertory.
Not in Evans or Shaw-Shoemaker (no copy on Readex). RPJCB (b.w. Wood, A Funeral Elegy on the Death of General George Washington, [Boston, 1800]).
NOTE: The piece is claimed as 'original' in its first printing, apparently indicating that Oliver Holden was the composer.
A DIRGE, OR SEPULCHRAL SERVICE, 1800
Russell's Gazette (Boston), 24 Feb. 1800, identifies the composer and author of the text for this work in its description of the commemoration of George Washington's birthday, 22 Feb. 1800: 'After the Funeral Oration, the following classical and appropriate Dirge written at the request of the Mechanic Association by J. M. Williams, Esq. (Anthony Pasquin) and set to music by a similar request, by Mr. Oliver Holden, was executed with ability.'
ASMI 240
A Dirge, or Sepulchral Service, commemorating the sublime virtues and distinguished talents of General George Washington. Composed at the request of the Mechanic Association of Boston.-(Words by Anthony Pasquin, Esq.)
4 p. 19 x 23.5 cm.
[1800.] Advertisement quoted above fixes date of probable 1st performance as 22 Feb. 1800.
MWA copy has written on title-page in hand of Isaiah Thomas, 'Printed by Thomas & Andrews. 1800. p. [1], caption title; p. [1]-4, music.
1 set-piece for 4 voices; full text. No attrib. Identified as 1st pr. American composition.
Not in Core Repertory.
E39106 (MWA). MWA*, NN. Both b.w. [Holden], Sacred Dirges, 1800, q.v.
THE MODERN COLLECTION, 1800
The Modern Collection is designated on its title-page as being 'by an American.' All authorities assign it to Oliver Holden, and for good reason. Holden was music editor for the publishers, Thomas and Andrews, at the time The Modern Collection was issued. Moreover, as shown in McCormick 1963, p. 213f., The Modern Collection shares its content entirely with one or another portions of Holden's The Union Harmony. The 'Rudiments of Music' section is taken from The Union Harmony, Vol. I, 2d ed. (1796) or Holden, The Worcester Collection, 7th ed. (1800). The similarity of music between the two works is established by Table 7.
ASMI 241
The Modern Collection of Sacred Music: containing the rudiments of the art, and a choice collection of anthems, and psalm and hymn tunes, of every metre; carefully selected from ancient and modern authors. Adapted to the use of schools and worshipping societies. By an American. Published according to act of Congress. Printed, typographically, at Boston, by Isaiah Thomas and Ebenezer T. Andrews: sold by them at Faust's statue, No. 45.
TABLE 7
Correspondences between Oliver Holden,
The Modern Collection (1800) and
The Union Harmony, Vol. II (1793)
& Vol. I, 3d ed. (1801)
The Modern Collection The Harmony (247,249)
p. 1-8 p.9-16, U.H. 1, 3d ed. (1801)
p. 9-174 р. 9-174, U.Н. 1 (1793)
p.175-214 p. 17-56, U.H. 1, 3d ed.
p. 215-25 p. 76-96, U.H. 1, 3d ed.
p. 247-53 p. 57-63, U.H. 1, 3d ed
Newbury-Street; by said Thomas, in Worcester; by Thomas, Andrews & Penniman, Albany; by Thomas, Andrews & Butler, Baltimore; and by the booksellers in town and country.-Nov. 1800.
253, [1] p. 13.5 x 22.5 cm.
Boston Independent Chronicle, 1 Dec. 1800, advertises The Modern Collection as to be published 'tomorrow. p. [i], t-p.; p. [ii], 'Preface'; p. [iii]-viii, 'Rudiments of Music'; p. viii, 'Musical Terms, Explained'; p. [9]-253, music; p. [254], 'Index.' 'The Publishers of this Collection of Sacred Music have only to promise, that, should the Modern Collection meet the reception they wish, the future editions shall be as large, as correct, as cheap, and as good, as any music book extant. To enable them to fulfil so great a promise, they respectfully solicit the patronage of all Masters and Composers of music. [New par.] Original Pieces, accompanied with the Authors' names, and any hints on improvement, will be gratefully received by the Public's obliged Servants, The Publishers.' (Preface in full.)
141 compositions, incl. 12 anthems & 11 set-pieces, for 3 & 4 voices; full text. Attribs. to Dr. Allen, W. Allen, Arne, Babcock (2), Billings (7), Breillat, Broderip, Brownson, Chandler, Edson, Frothingham, Giardini, Handel, Holdrayd, Holyoke, Kimball (5), Lane, Lockhart, M. Luther, Madan (3), Milgrove, Read (9), Rogerson, Sacchini, Selby (2), Smith (2), Stephenson (11), Swan, Tansur, Thorley, Williams (4), Will[iams] Coll. (2), Wood (3). 138 1st pr. claimed; 38 identified. 100 American compositions, 40, non-American, 1 unidentified [MINERVA] (37 attrib. Americans, 63 traced; 34 attrib. non-Americans, 6 traced [ASHLEY, DOVER, HABAKKUK, LOVE DIVINE, MARYLAND, WESTON FLAVEL]).
29 Core Repertory.
E37980 (MWA). CtHC (lacks all before p. vii, all after p. 248), DLC*, MB (2), MH, MHi (music inc.), MSaE (b.w. The Village Harmony, 11th ed., 1813), MWA, N, NNUT, NjPT, RPB.
OCCASIONAL PIECES, 1807
The only surviving copy has 'O. Holden' penciled on it to indicate authorship. McCormick 1963 finds 'no incontrovertible reasons to doubt the ascription on the basis of internal evidence. Holden's close ties with the Baptists help strengthen the assumption, as does the inclusion of... "Tranquilla," in the group of unsigned "Selected American tunes" which make up the second section' of No. 478, The Suffolk Selection (p. 230-31), an anonymously compiled work published in Boston (1807), in which McCormick thinks Holden had a hand.
ASMI 242
Occasional Pieces, adapted to the opening of a place of worship- the constituting of a church-and, the ordination of a minister. Respectfully inscribed to the Third Baptist Society, Boston.
16 p. 113 x 22.5 cm.
[1807.] This pamphlet was issued to celebrate the founding of the Third Baptist Society of Boston, dated 1807, according to McCormick 1963, p. 231, on authority of Winsor 1881, 3, p. 242. p. [1], caption title; p. [1]-16, music.
5 compositions, incl. 2 anthems & 1 set-piece, for 3 & 4 voices; full text. No attribs. 4 1st pr. & 1 poss. Ist pr. (TRANQUILLA) identified. All are American.
No Core Repertory.
Not in Shaw-Shoemaker (no copy on Readex). MWA*.
PLAIN PSALMODY, 1800
Though the compiler is not named on the title-page, Plain Psalmody was attributed to Oliver Holden in a Thomas and Andrews advertisement, 22 Oct. 1804, in the Boston Independent Chronicle. Plain Psalmody shares some pages with No. 251, Holden's The Worcester Collection, 7th ed. (1800): pages 3-32 contain the same music as pages 67-96 of The Worcester Collection, and appear to have come from the same press run.
ASMI 243
Plain Psalmody, or Supplementary Music. An original composition, set in three and four parts: consisting of seventy psalm and hymn tunes and an anthem, adapted to the numerous metres now extant. For the use of worshipping societies and singing schools. Published according to act of Congress. Printed, typographically, at Boston, by Isaiah Thomas and Ebenezer T. Andrews: sold at their bookstore, No. 45, Newbury-Street; by said Thomas, in Worcester; and by the booksellers in town and country. - November, 1800.
71, [1] p. 13 x 21.5 cm.
T-p. & Advertisement dated Nov. 1800. Advertised as just published in Worcester Massachusetts Spy, 24 Dec. 1800. p. [1], t-p.; p. [2], 'Advertisement'; p. [3]-71, music; p. [72], 'Index. The present redundancy of music books would seem to discourage an attempt like this. But the Author expects to find a readier sale on account of the number and magnitude of other publications. He does not presume on the superior merits of the work, but on its cheapness and convenience to recommend it to notice. Performers are unwilling to throw aside their books and purchase a new edition merely to obtain a few new tunes. The "Supplementary Music" contains many new tunes adapted to the various metres, in Watts, Tate and Brady, Rippon, Belknap, &c. and is intended as a Supplement to the larger singing books which are or may be circulating through the country. [New par.] In the general omission of fuges, the Author hopes to meet the approbation and concurrence of the lovers of real devotion.' (Extract from Advertisement.)
76 compositions, incl. 1 anthem & 1 set-piece, for 3 & 4 voices; full text. Attribs. to Babcock (2), Cole, Kimball, Rogerson. 76 1st pr. identified. 76 American compositions (5 attrib. Americans, 71 traced or assumed to be American).
No Core Repertory.
E38276 (MWA). DLC, MB, MHi, MWA*.
SACRED DIRGES, HYMNS, AND ANTHEMS, 1800
The author identifies himself only as 'A Citizen of Massachusetts, the singular indicating that one man composed all the music. No one has challenged the assumption of all authorities that Oliver Holden was the author. Holden was the compiler of the major tunebooks Thomas and Andrews published around the time of George Washington's death-The Worcester Collection, seventh edition, The Modern Collection and Plain Psalmody in 1800. Moreover, a separate Dirge ascribed to him (q.v.) is bound in with one issue of Sacred Dirges. Thus circumstantial evidence supports Holden's authorship. One piece of documentary evidence can be cited as well: the Boston Columbian Centinel, 11 Jan. 1800, reports a Boston memorial service for Washington at which was sung Mount Vernon, 'set to music by Mr. Holden.' MOUNT VERNON appears in Sacred Dirges.
Sacred Dirges, [1st ed., 1800]
ASMI 244
Sacred Dirges, Hymns, and Anthems, Commemorative of the Death of General George Washington, the guardian of his country, and the friend of man.
[Cut in center of t-p. portrays cup on which is engraved:] Born Feb. 22, 1732. Died, at Mount Vernon, Dec. 14, 1799. Aged 68. The just shall be had in everlasting remem-brance. [Verses beneath cup:] Whilst eloquence repeats his praise, / And poesy's mellifluous lays / Hymn the great hero's name; / Music her soothing power applies-/ O might her lofty numbers rise / Sublime as is his fame!
An original composition. By a citizen of Massachusetts. Printed at Boston, by I. Thomas and E. T. Andrews, No. 45, Newbury-Street. [On outside of blue paper cover:] Funeral Music, for 22d February. Published according to act of Congress. (Price, 37½ cents single-30 cents by the dozen.) [Cut also on cover.]
24 p., printed covers. 22.5 x 27 cm.
[1800.] Preface dated Massachusetts, 27 Jan. 1800. Worcester Massachusetts Spy, 5 Feb. 1800, advertises work as just published. Front cover recto, foretitle; verso blank; p. [1], t-p.; p. [2] blank; p. [3], dedication 'To the Citizens of the United States'; p. [4], 'Preface'; p. [5]-24, music; back cover recto blank; verso, 'Contents.' 'As a Token of deep Regret for the Afflicting Loss sustained by the Death of the late General George Washington: As a Testimony of profound Veneration for his exalted Virtues and distinguished Talents; and as a Mark of genuine Sympathy and affectionate Condolence, the following Pages are Consecrated and most respectfully Dedicated to the Citizens of the United States, by their humble servant, and fellow-citizen, The Author.' (Dedication in full.) 'At a Time when deep-felt Sorrow pervades the Union, and every Individual is desirous to express his Vene-ration for the Character, and his Regret at the Loss of that Friend of Man, and brightest Ornament of his Species, the late illustrious Washington, and Congress having recom-mended and set apart (for that solemn Purpose) the Day [fn. February 22] which gave him to America, -it appeared just and proper that every Assistance should be afforded to render the public Testimonials of our Grief as respectable as possible. An ardent Desire to facilitate that End, and to perpetuate every Mark of humble Veneration for the eminent Virtues of the Deceased, gave Rise to this Effort. [New par.] To the Glow of poetical Panegyric, Music adds a Charm; and to the mixed Emotions excited by the Eulogy, succeed the harmonizing Sensibilities of the Dirge-
"Till all the Vocal Current blended roll, / 'Not to depress, but elevate the soul." (Preface in full.)
9 compositions, incl. 1 anthem & 1 set-piece, for 3 & 4 voices; full text. Attrib. to 'A citizen of Massachusetts.' 9 1st pr. identified. All assumed to be American.
No Core Repertory.
Not in Evans (no copy on Readex). CSmH, CtY, ICN, MB, MBAt, MBC, MH, MHi, MSaE, MWA, MiU-C*, N, NHi, NN, RPB (2; 1 signed by Holden), RPJCB.
NOTE: The newspaper announcement of the publication explained: 'Handsomely printed on large fine writing paper. price 50 cents single, and 40 cents by the dozen. Copies of the work, printed on inferior paper, may be had at 37½ cents single, and 30 cents by the dozen.' Copies in DLC and NN have on the outside front cover: '(Price, 50 cents single-40 cents by the dozen.)' Other copies (MHi, MWA, RPB) have on the outside front cover the lower prices recorded in the entry above. All copies have not been checked for that difference.
Sacred Dirges, [2d ed., 1800]
ASMI 245
Sacred Dirges, Hymns, and Anthems, Commemorative of the Death of General George Washington . . . Printed at Boston, by I. Thomas and E. T. Andrews . . .
[2d t-p., caption title:] A Dirge, or Sepulchral Service, commemorating the sublime virtues and distinguished talents of General George Washington. Composed at the request of the Mechanic Association of Boston. (Words by Anthony Pasquin, Esq.)
24, 4 p., printed covers. 19 x 23.5 cm.
[1800.] See Holden, A Dirge (No. 240) and Holden, Sacred Dirges, 1st ed., for dating informa-tion. Contents of p. 1-24 same as 1st ed.; p. [1], caption title; p. [1]-4, music.
10 compositions, incl. I anthem & 2 set-pieces, for 3 & 4 voices; full text. Attrib. to 'A citizen of Massachusetts.' 10 1st pr. identified. All assumed to be American.
No Core Repertory.
E37635 (MWA). CSmH, MWA*, NN.
NOTE: See Murray 1978 for a description of the musical laments that followed Washington's death and Murray 1979 for a full list of these compositions.
THE UNION HARMONY, 1793-1801
Holden brought out The Union Harmony in two volumes in 1793. Later editions of Vol. I appeared in 1796 and 1801. Vol. II never received an official second edition. However, see Holden, The Modern Collection, 1800.
The Union Harmony, Vol. I, [1st ed.], 1793
ASMI 246
The Union Harmony, or Universal Collection of Sacred Music. In two volumes. Vol. I.-Containing, I. The rudiments of music laid down in a plain and concise manner. II. A large and valuable collection of tunes, suited to all the metres now used in the various worshipping societies in America, many of which were never before published. By Oliver Holden. Author of the American Harmony.
'Musick's the cordial of a troubled breast, / The softest remedy that grief can find, /The gentle spell that charms our cares to rest, / And swells with heavenly hope the pensive mind.' - Harris.
Published according to act of Congress. Printed, typographically, at Boston, by Isaiah Thomas and Ebenezer T. Andrews. Sold at their bookstore, No. 45, Newbury Street; by said Thomas in Worcester; by the editor, at his store in Charlestown; and by the booksellers in Boston. 1793.
120 p. 13.5 x 23 cm.
Preface dated Charlestown, Aug. 1793. Copyright granted, 1 Aug. 1793, District of Massachusetts, to Oliver Holden as author. Worcester Massachusetts Spy announced collection as 'now in the press,' 3 Oct. 1793. Boston Columbian Centinel, 23 Nov. 1793, announces collection as just published. p. [i], t-p.; p. [ii], 'Advertisement'; p. [iii]-iv, 'Preface'; p. [v]-xiv, 'Rudiments of Music'; p. xiv, 'Musical Terms'; p. [xv], 'Index to Vol. I'; p. [16]-120, music. Those tunes which are ascribed to Williams in the Index, were extracted from his collection printed in London in the year 1764.' (Note, p. xiv, in full.) "Those tunes in this work, which are ancient, were selected from the best European publications. And those which are the works of modern Authors, in our own country, have been extracted from the most correct copies which could be obtained. Mr. Billings, and other American Authors, who could conveniently be applied to, have generously given their consent to the publication of such of their tunes as appear in this work.' (Extract from Advertisement.) 'In a work intended for general use, it is probable that some tunes which are in high estimation with some performers, will be less approved of by others; this is utterly unavoidable, considering the great variety of airs which are produced by the different composers in ancient and modern times, and the diversity of taste which will always exist among the numerous practitioners of music. These circumstances have claimed and received particular attention. -No approved tune, though in some measure imperfect in composition, has been rejected; and no generally disapproved one, though less imperfect, has been inserted. It is therefore presumed that in so large a work as this, every school or singing society into whose hands it may fall, will find a sufficient number of tunes adapted to their purpose and adequate to their wishes. Fuging music in general is badly calculated for divine worship; for it often happens that music of this description will not admit of a change of words without injuring the subject. In such cases it would be better to reject the tune, than to obscure, or injure the words; but, when a tune is so contrived as to admit of changing the words with propriety, the parts falling in by turn serve to convey the meaning and impress the importance of the words more forcibly than otherwise they would, especially if the subject be praise. [fn.: It is asserted by some, that music is, or should be, confined to praise, adoration and thanksgiving; but it is evident, according to sacred and profane history, that the ancients made use of music, both vocal and instrumental, to express contrition, lamentation, and confession. The propriety of adapting music to those several subjects cannot be rationally doubted; yet as divine music on earth is an imitation of the employment of the blessed in heaven, a nearer resemblance may be found in the cheerful, than in the pensive key.] [New par.] It has become a practice of late to introduce new, airy music into public worship, in preference to grave airs; the propriety, or impropriety of this depends, in some measure, upon the reception it meets with, among those who are far advanced in life, or have not the means of acquiring the knowledge of new tunes. In all worshipping societies, more or less of this description are found. In such cases, would it not be best to cultivate a spirit of accommodation, by adopting a number of tunes, both new and old, which are best calculated to express the various subjects to which they may occasionally be adapted, and at the same time give an opportunity to every one who wishes, to join in that part of worship which is equally the privilege and duty of all?" (Extract from Preface.)
106 compositions, incl. 1 anthem & 3 set-pieces, for 3 & 4 voices; full text. Attribs. to W. Allin (2), Babcock, Billings (13), Brown, Brownson, Carpenter (2), Chandler (2), Deolph, Edson (2), Frothingham, Gillet, Goff, Hitchcock, Holden (29), Holdrad, Holyoke, Kimball, King, I. Lane, M. Luther, Morgan, Parmenter, Reed (10), Russ, I. Smith, Stephen-son (2), Swan (5), Tansur (2), Tukey, Williams (8), Wood (2). 27 1st pr. claimed; 28 identified (add NEW HAMPSHIRE). 186 American compositions, 20 non-American (83 attrib. Americans, 3 traced [MARIETTA, OCEAN, PORTSMOUTH]; 15 attrib. non-Amer-icans, 5 traced [ARCHDALE, BUCKINGHAM, COLCHESTER NEW, DYING CHRISTIAN, NEW EAGLE STREET]).
40 Core Repertory (Ist pr. CORONATION).
E25619 (MWA). CtY, DLC, ICN, MB, MBAt, MH, MWA, MiU-C*, NBuG, NN (front matter mutilated), NRU-Mus, NcWsM, NjPT (Holden deposited this copy for copyright), RPB. All except MH & NRU-Mus copies are b.w. Vol. II.
NOTE: NEW HAMPSHIRE by Russ is not claimed as a first printing. It is identified here as one because it has not been found in any earlier collection. Perhaps it appeared first in Russ's The Uranian Harmony (Philadelphia, 1791), no copies of which have been found.
The Union Harmony, Vol. II, [1st ed.], 1793
ASMI 247
The Union Harmony, or Universal Collection of Sacred Music. In two volumes. Vol. II. Containing, a large and valuable collection of anthems, odes, and psalm and hymn tunes, in three and four parts. Adapted to the use of American choirs, and other practitioners; a great part of which were never before published. By Oliver Holden. Author of the American Harmony.
'Hail Sacred Art! descended from above, / To crown our mortal joys; of thee we learn, / How happy souls communicate their raptures, / For thou'rt the language of the bless'd in heav'n.'
Published according to act of Congress. Printed, typographically, at Boston, by Isaiah Thomas and Ebenezer T. Andrews. Sold at their bookstore, No. 45, Newbury Street; by said Thomas in Worcester; by the editor, at his store in Charlestown; and by the booksellers in Boston.-1793.
175, [1] p. 13 x 22.5 cm.
Prefatory note dated Charlestown, 18 Sept. 1793. Boston Independent Chronicle, 8 Nov. 1793, advertises work for sale. p. [1], t-p.; p. [2], 'To the Lovers of Sacred Music in America,' prefatory note; p. [3]-175, music; p. [176], 'Index to Vol. II.' 'I have studiously selected, and carefully corrected the following pages of music, for the purpose of assisting your devotions, and facilitating your lawful amuesments [sic]. Prepossessed in a degree of confidence in your candour, and generosity, I submit them for your perusal, and consecrate them to your service, regardless of the unfair and prejudiced criticisms of those whose native country, and manner of education, have furnished them with as much vanity and illiberality as musical knowledge. It is presumed that American Authors, though less experienced in composition, are answerable at no other tribunal, than the public opinion of their own country, for the inaccuracies which they may be charged with.' (Extract from prefatory note.)
43 compositions, incl. 13 anthems & 11 set-pieces, for 3 & 4 voices; full text. Attribs. to Dr. Allen, W. Allen, Arne, Billings, G. Breillat, Giardini, Holden (11), Kimball (2), Lane, Madan (3), Dr. Rogerson, Selby (2), Stephenson (8), Williams (3), Wood. 16 1st pr. claimed; 16 identified, also 7 1st Am. pr. (Anthems: Hear my prayer, Praise the Lord ye servants; DISMISSION, LORD'S PRAYER, MINERVA, PSALM 150, SHEFFIELD).20 American compositions, 22 non-American, 1 unidentified [MINERVA] (20 attrib. Amer-icans; 17 attrib. non-Americans, 5 traced).
14 Core Repertory.
E25619 (MWA). CtY, DLC, ICN, MB, MBAt, MHi, MWA, MiU-C*, NBuG, NN, NjPT, PPPrHi, PPiPT, RPB, TxWaB. All except MHi, NN, PPPRHi, PPiPT & TxWaB b.w. Vol. I.
NOTE: The Worcester Massachusetts Spy, 14 March 1793, carries Holden's advertisement for subscribers to a proposed monthly periodical, The Massachusetts Musical Magazine. (The advertisement is reproduced in Sonneck-Upton, p. 255.) The Boston Columbian Centinel, 6 April 1793, carries a note recording the abandonment of that project: 'Oliver Holden Respectfully informs the Publick in general, and his friends in particular, who have subscribed for The Massachusetts Musical Magazine, that he has altered his plan, and proposes to substitute in lieu of the Magazine a Book of Anthems, and particular pieces of Music, which will make a part of the following Work-and contain nearly the same materials intended for the Magazine.' Holden's description of the proposed work coincides exactly with The Union Harmony, Vol. II, which was printed before the end of the year.
The Union Harmony, Vol. I, 2d ed., 1796
ASMI 248
The Union Harmony Second edition, with corrections and improvements. Published according to act of Congress. Printed, typographically, at Boston, by Isaiah Thomas and Ebenezer T. Andrews, sold at their bookstore, No. 45, Newbury Street, and by the other booksellers in Boston; by Thomas, son & Thomas, in Worcester; by the editor, at his store in Charlestown; and by Thomas, Andrews & Penniman, in Albany. - Dec. 1796.
119, [1] p.
Preface dated Charlestown, Dec. 1796.1 p. [i], t-p.; p. [ii], 'Preface'; p. [iii]-ix, 'Rudiments of Music'; p. [x], 'Musical Terms, Explained'; p. [11]-119, music; p. [120], 'Index to Vol. I.' 'In a work intended only for Schools and worshipping Societies, it was thought unneces-sary to insert a treatise on Music. An improved plan upon the present practice is adopted, which, it is expected, with the assistance of an able teacher, will be found sufficient for the purposes of this work. Since the publication of the first edition of the Union Harmony, the Editor, in association with Messrs. Gram and Holyoke, has published a work, entitled "The Massachusetts Compiler of Theoretical and Practical Elements of Sacred Vocal Music," containing the most essential and interesting information for composers, teachers and practitioners. In a young country, like ours, where no regular profession of Music has been adopted, such a work, compiled from the most eminent Euopean masters, was deemed necessary. [New par.] The greatest exception in the present mode of teaching, is the manner of expressing the different parts of the stave by sol, faw; which by no means affords those accurate distinc-tions necessary to enable the pupil at all times to comprehend the state of the octave. This evil is remedied in the work alluded to above; and the Editor hopes that a more general acquaintance therewith, will soon supersede the necessity of continuing the present practice. [New par.] A number of pages in this edition are appropriated to original Music, designed to supply the deficiency of tunes which embrace two verses. In the choice of materials, the taste and improvement of the numerous practitioners of Music has been a principal motive. It is not presumed, however, that all the pieces which compose so large a collection, will meet the approbation of a learned reviewer: But as the present is an age of genius and enterprise, it is expected that the time is not far distant when Americans, so justly celebrated for other improvements, will also excel in this sublime art. [New par.] Grateful for the unexpected encouragement given to this work, in the rapid sale of the first edition, the Editor pledges himself that his utmost endeavours shall be exerted to render all future editions worthy the patronage of a deserving community.' (Preface in full.)
105 compositions, incl. 3 anthems & 1 set-piece, for 3 & 4 voices; full text. Attribs. to Allen (2), Billings (7), Brown, Carpenter, Chandler (2), Deolph, Edson (2), Frothingham, Gillet, Goff, Holdrad, Holyoke, Kimbal, King, Kirby, M. Luther, Morgan, Parmenter, Reed (11), Rogerson, Sacchini, Smith, Stephenson (2), Swan (5), Tansur (2), Tukey, Wood (2). 27 1st pr. claimed; 27 identified. 86 American compositions, 19 non-American (44 attrib. Americans, 42 traced; 9 attrib. non-Americans, 10 traced [ARCHDALE, BUCKINGHAM, COLCHESTER NEW, CUMBERLAND, DALSTON, DYING CHRISTIAN, LITTLE MARL-BOROUGH, NAMURE, ST. SEBASTIAN, WINCHESTER]).
40 Core Repertory.
E30573 (MWA). CCC, DLC, ICN, MH, MHi, MSaE, MWA*, NN, NJPT, PPL, PPPrHi, RPB.
NOTE: Beginning with this work Holden stopped attributing compositions to himself in his own collections. All 27 claimed first printings can be assigned to him, as can 15 tunes printed here without attributions but assigned to him in his earlier collections.
The Union Harmony, Vol. I, 3d ed., 1801
ASMI 249
The Union Harmony Third edition, with corrections and improvements. Published according to act of Congress. Printed, typographically, at Boston, by Isaiah Thomas and Ebenezer T. Andrews: sold by them at Faust's statue, No. 45, Newbury-Street; by said Thomas, in Worcester; by the editor, at his store, in Charlestown; by Thomas, Andrews & Penniman, Albany; by Thomas, Andrews & Butler, Baltimore; and by the booksellers in town and country. October 1801.
126, [2] p.
T-p. & Preface dated October, 1801. However, the work was advertised in the Boston Independent Chronicle 5 Feb. 1801. p. [i], t-p.; p. [ii], 'Preface'; p. [iii]-viii, 'Rudiments Of Music'; p. viii, 'Musical Terms, Explained'; p. [9]-126, music; p. [127], advertisement for Thomas & Andrews's musical publications; p. [128], 'Index. Preface same as 2d ed.
125 compositions, incl. 2 anthems & 2 set-pieces, for 3 & 4 voices; full text. Attribs. to Allen, Babcock, Billings (6), Broderip, Brownson, Chandler, Edson, Frothingh[am], Gillet, Handel, Holdrad, Holyoke, Ingalls, Kimball (4), Lockhart, M. Luther, Milgrove, Morgan, Parmenter, Read (10), Rogerson, Sacchini, Smith [American], [I.] Smith (2), Stephenson (2), Swan (4), Tansur, Thorley, Vill[age] Har[mony], Williams, Will[iams] Coll[ection] (3), Wood (2). 139 1st pr. claimed; none identified. 105 American composi-tions, 20 non-American (40 attrib. Americans, 65 traced; 17 attrib. non-Americans, 3 traced [BUCKINGHAM, DYING CHRISTIAN, TRURO]).
33 Core Repertory.
S662 (MWA). ICN, MBC, MWA*, NBuG, RPB.
NOTE: The tunes claimed here as first printings, except for CONSTANT PEACE, all appeared in No. 241, The Modern Collection, which was advertised for sale as early as 1 Dec. 1800; they were also there claimed as first printings. Moreover, all appeared in No. 243, Plain Psalmody, available to the public by 24 Dec. 1800.
THE WORCESTER COLLECTION, 1797-1803
The first five editions of The Worcester Collection (No. 533ff.) gave no author's name on the title-page, and the prefaces were signed only by Isaiah Thomas, the publisher. With the sixth edition Oliver Holden took over editorship. Because the last three editions appeared under his name, they are entered here.
The Worcester Collection, 6th ed., 1797
ASMI 250
Laus Deo! The Worcester Collection of Sacred Harmony. Containing, I. The rules of vocal music, in a concise and plain manner. II. A large and choice collection of psalm tunes, anthems, &c. proper for divine worship; many of which are entirely new. The whole compiled for the use of schools and singing societies.
"Tis thine, sweet power, to raise the thought sublime, / Quell each rude passion, and the heart refine; / Soft are thy strains as Gabriel's gentlest string, / Calm as the breathing zephyrs of the spring.'
The sixth edition, altered, corrected and revised, with additions, by Oliver Holden. Published according to act of Congress. Printed, typographically, at Boston, by Isaiah Thomas and Ebenezer T. Andrews. Sold by them at Faust's statue, No. 45, Newbury-Street; by said Thomas, in Worcester; by Thomas, Andrews & Penniman, Albany; by Thomas, Andrews & Butler, Baltimore; and by the booksellers in town and country. - August, 1797. Price-87½ cts. retail, and 9 dols. per doz.142, [2] p. 113 x 22.5 cm.
Preface signed Isaiah Thomas, Aug., 1797. Copyright granted 12 Sept. 1797, District of Massachusetts, to Thomas & Andrews as proprietors (Mass. 1:77). Boston Columbian Cen-tinel, 4 Nov. 1797, announces work as published. p. [i], t-p.; p. [ii], 'Advertisement to this Sixth (and much improved) Edition'; p. [iii]-ix, 'Rudiments of Music'; p. [x], 'Musical Terms, Explained'; p. [11]-142, music; p. [143], 'Index'; p. [144], advertisement for tunebooks published by Thomas and Andrews. 'The Subscriber informs his musical friends, who have so liberally encouraged the five former Editions of the Worcester Collection, that he has contracted with Mr. Oliver Holden, who is interested in the work, to compile and correct the present and future editions. [New par.] Several complaints having been made of the prolixity of the Introduction to the former editions, it has been thought adviseable to shorten and simplify the rules for learners. [fn. Those who wish to make themselves masters of the Rules of Composition, and of the Theoretical and Practical Elements of Sacred Vocal Music, are invited to study the Massachusetts Compiler, lately published, which may be had of the Printers of this work.]' (Extract from Advertisement signed 'Isaiah Thomas.')
108 compositions, incl. 4 anthems & 7 set-pieces, for 3 & 4 voices; full text. Attribs. to American Harmony, Dr. Arne, Belcher (3), Benson, Billings (12), Brownson, Chandler (2), Deolph, Edson (2), Gillet, Handel (2), Har[monia] Sacra (2), Holdrad, Kimball (3), King, Knibb, Lane (2), M. Luther, Madan (4), Mann, Read (16), Rogerson (2), Sacchini, Smith, Stephenson (3), Swan (4), Tukey, Union Harmony (20), Williams (3), Wood (3). 15 1st pr. claimed; 7 identified (5 designated 'original'; also Anthems: Hail thou, I will praise thee). 84 American compositions, 23 non-American, I unidentified [MEDINA] (77 attrib. Americans, ST. SEBASTIAN'S wrongly, 8 traced; 20 attrib. non-Americans, 3 traced [BANGOR, COLCHESTER NEW, DYING CHRISTIAN]).
46 Core Repertory.
E32363 (MWA). CtY, DLC, MB, MBC, MHi, MWA, MiU-C*, N, NHI, NNUT, NcWsM (music inc.), NjPT, RPB.
NOTE: Holden attributes no pieces to himself by name. But 19 Union Harmony pieces (all except DYING CHRISTIAN), the 1 from American Harmony, and the 3 unattributed 'original' pieces make a total of 23 that can be assigned to him.
The Worcester Collection, 7th ed., 1800
ASMI 251
Laus Deo! The Worcester Collection of Sacred Harmony. The seventh edition, altered, corrected and revised, with additions, by Oliver Holden. Published according to act of Congress. Printed, typographically, at Boston, by Isaiah Thomas and Ebenezer T. Andrews: sold by them at Faust's statue, No. 45, Newbury-Street; by said Thomas, in Worcester; by Thomas, Andrews & Penniman, Albany; by Thomas, Andrews & Butler, Baltimore; and by the booksellers in town and country. - Dec. 1800. Price - 87½ cts. retail, and 9 dols. per doz.
143, [1] p.
T-p. & Advertisement dated Dec. 1800. Not advertised as available until Boston Independent Chronicle, 4 Feb. 1801. p. [i], t-p.; p. [ii], 'Advertisement to the Sixth Edition' & advertisement to the 'Seventh Edition'; p. [iii]-viii, 'Rudiments of Music'; p. viii, 'Musical Terms, Explained'; p. [9]-143, music; p. [144], 'Index.' 'Great pains have been taken to make this Edition, in every respect, superior to all former editions, and the Proprietors flatter themselves that they have succeeded.' (Advertisement to Seventh ed. in full.)
132 compositions, incl. 3 anthems & 5 set-pieces, for 3 & 4 voices; full text. Attribs. to Arne, Babcock (2), Billings (8), Broderip, Brownson, Chandler (2), Edson, Frothing-h[am], Handell (3), Harm[onia] Sac[ra], Holdrad, Holyoke, Ingalls, Kimball (5), Knibb, Lockhart, M. Luther, Madan (2), Mann, Milgrove, Read (12), Rogerson, Sacchini, Smith [American], [I.] Smith (2), Stephenson (2), Swan (4), Tansur, Thorley, Vill[age] Har[mony], Williams (2), Will[iams] Coll[ection] (4), Wood (2). 139 1st pr. claimed; none identified. 105 American compositions, 28 non-American (44 attrib. Americans, 61 traced; 26 attrib. non-Americans, 2 traced [COLCHESTER NEW, VITAL SPARK]).
39 Core Repertory.
E37786 (MWA). CLU, DLC, ICN, MH, MHi, MWA*, NN, NcWsM (lacks last p.), PPiPT, PPLT, RPB.
NOTE: The tunes marked with asterisks in the index were designated first printings also in No. 241, The Modern Collection (1800), which seems to have preceded The Worcester Collection, 7th ed., into print.
The Worcester Collection, 8th ed., 1803
ASMI 252
Laus Deo! The Worcester Collection of Sacred Harmony. Containing... III. An appendix, consisting of eighty tunes, most of which are original compositions. The eighth edition, altered, corrected, and revised, with large additions. By Oliver Holden. Published according to act of Congress. Printed, typographically, at Boston, by Isaiah Thomas and Ebenezer T. Andrews. Sold at their bookstore, No. 45, Newbury-Street; by said Thomas, in Worcester; and by the booksellers in town and country. - December, 1803. Price - 1 dollar single, 10 dols per doz.
120, 77, [3] p.
T-p. and Advertisement dated Dec. 1803. Announced as just published, Boston Independent Chronicle, 24 Nov. 1803. p. [i], t-p.; p. [ii], 'Advertisement'; p. [iii]-viii, 'Rudiments Of Music'; p. viii, 'Musical Terms explained'; p. [9]-120, music; p. [1], caption title: 'Appendix. Consisting Chiefly Of Original Compositions'; p. [1]-77, music; p. [78], 'Index'; p. [79], 'Index to the Appendix' & 'Errata'; p. [80], advertisement for other Thomas and Andrews tunebooks, headed 'Musical Publications, For the Use of Schools, Singing Societies, and Composers of Music'. 'At a period so wonderful in the creation of singing books, many of which, like meteors, attract the attention of the beholders a[n]d disappear, the propietors of the Worcester Collection present their numerous patrons with an Eighth Edition, much enlarged, and, as they believe, greatly improved. [New par.] Some approved tunes which are generally known, are omitted in this edition, to make room for new tunes, and for some European music, not much known in this country. [New par.] In the choice of materials, preference has been given to plain, easy, devotional compositions, whether the production of Americans or Europeans, Antients or Moderns: and while some are contending for the exclusive use of either, it has been the care of the Compilers to cull the best, without partiality. [New par.] It is indeed to be lamented that among so many American authors, so little can be found well written, or well adapted to sacred purposes: but it is disingenuous and impolitic to throw that little away, while our country is in a state of progressive improvement. Some tunes are inserted which do not merit approbation. The motive needs no explanation. [New par.] The new tunes, which are more numerous than in any former edition, are impressed by themselves in an Appendix, and may be had separately, as a Supplement to any other Collection. [New par.] To remedy a real evil necessarily attached to fuges, and other tunes of rapid expression, on the cheerful key, a number of pieces of similar movements have been composed and selected, adapted to the minor key. In this selection, however, great care has been taken to avoid the confusion of language so apparent in common fuges. [New par.] As sacred Poetry is generally best adapted to the plaintive, it is recommended to adopt that style in public worship, where rapid music is in use. Solemn airs, whether major or minor, slow or rapid, are always to be preferred to trifling, airy compositions, in devotional exercises; and will better accord with the sentiments and feelings of real worshippers.' (Advertisement in full.)
103 compositions, incl. 3 anthems & 3 set-pieces, for 3 & 4 voices; full text. Attribs. to Arne, Billings (8), Broderip, Brownson, Chandler, Cooper, Croft, Dalmer, Dixon, Edson, Frothingham, Handel, Holdroyd, Holyoke, Ingalls, Kimball (3), Leach (7), M. Luther, Madan (2), Read (12), Sacchini, Smith [American], [I.] Smith (2), Stevenson (2), Swan (2), Tans'ur, Thorley, Vill[age] Har[mony], Williams (5), Wood (2). 1 1 1st pr. claimed; 1 identified; also 6 1st Am. pr. (ALBA, HERMIT, JUDEA, MIDDLETON, MOUNT PLEASANT, NATIVITY). 73 American compositions, 30 non-American (36 attrib. Americans, 37 traced; 29 attrib. non-Americans, 1 traced).
38 Core Repertory.
Appendix: 77 compositions, incl. 2 set-pieces, for 3 & 4 voices; full text. Attribs. to J. Cole (8), Kimball (2), Leach (2), Madan, Parmen [ter]. 156 1st pr. claimed; 56 identified, also 2 1st Am. pr. (MOUNT TABOR, PENITENT). 174 American compositions, 3 non-American (11 attrib. Americans, 63 traced; 3 attrib. non-Americans).
1 Core Repertory.
S4392 (MWA). DLC (2; 1 b.w. Cooper, The Beauties, [1804], Holt, The New-England Sacred Harmony, 1803, & Boston, The First Church Collection, 1805), ICN, MB, MHi, MWA*, MiU-C (b.w. The Village Harmony, 7th ed., 1806), NNUT, NRU-Mus (b.w. The Village Harmony, 6th ed., 1803), NcWsM (2; 1 w. front matter & music inc. & b.w. Blanchard, The American Musical Primer, 1808).
ASMI pp. 302-318.