SOLOMON HOWE

Solomon Howe (b. Westborough, Mass., 3 Sept. 1750; d. New Salem, Mass., 18 Nov. 1835) was a composer, poet, preacher, and farmer. Howe graduated from Dartmouth College in 1777 and later became a Baptist. In 1778 he was in or around Boston, where he worked briefly for William Billings. He lived in Brookfield, Massachusetts (ca. 1779 at least through 1783) and later Greeenwich, Massachusetts (ca. 1799-ca. 1805, perhaps longer), publishing two collections of original sacred music set to his own texts. He seems also to have a hand in the posthumous issue of Billings's The Psalm-Singer's Amusement. One commentator describes his life as 'eccentrick and desultory.'

          Bio-bib, Metcalf. Also Chapman 1867, p. 22; Howe 1929, p. 304-5. Howe Papers.

          See also Nos. 410 and 545.

THE FARMER'S EVENING ENTERTAINMENT, 1804 ASMI 274 

THE FARMER'S EVENING ENTERTAINMENT, 1804

ASMI 274 

Glory to God in the highest, peace on earth, good will to men! The Farmer's Evening Entertainment. Containing, I. Characters, rules and directions for vocal music. II. A number of new tunes of as various airs and metres as the compass of the book will admit. III. New hymns, taken from sacred writ, and adapted to the tunes; calculated for social worship. By Solomon Howe, A.M.

I. When lab'rers quit their cares for rest, / With calm content and friendship blest; /They may their ev'ning hours employ, / In gratitude and social joy. 2. Sweetly their tuneful voices join, / To shew their maker's praise divine; / Sincere delight attends their songs, / In their united hearts and tongues. 3. Domestic pleasures cheer their mind, /While male and female voices join'd; / Attract the heart and charm the ear, / And God supreme delights to hear! / 4. Thus let our tuneful voices prove, / The means of friendship, peace and love; / Improv'd to serve and honor God, / - Prepar'd for his sublime abode.

Copy right secur'd to the author fourteen years. Printed at Northampton, By Andrew Wright-for the author. Sold by him, in Greenwich; and by the booksellers in Northampton, Boston, N. York, Albany, Hartford, Exeter, Providence, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and country merchants. - Price 25 cents. 1804.

32 p. 13 x 21.5 cm.

Advertisement dated Greenwich, Mass., April 1804. Northampton Republican Spy, 25 Sept. 1804, advertises work as just published; notice dated 24 July 1804. p. [1], t-p.; p. [2], 'Advertisement'; p. [3]-6, 'Rules of Music'; p. 7-32, music; p. 32, 'Index.' 'As Farmers and Mechanics are the support of the community it may be proper, humbly to offer them the product of one of their weakest brethren, whose winter evenings, have been a little devoted to the study of Music; tho', perhaps the following tunes will not suit the taste of the public, as there may be a disagreeable sameness, in the estimation of some; but I hope not so disgustful, as to render the whole work useless. Many complain that there are too many music books now extant; if the charge is true, I hope the Hymns in this work may give some satisfaction, to the honest Farmer and Mechanic, whose winter evenings may be employed in social Harmony, or communicating the practical knowledge of Music, to the pliant minds of youth; which may be the pleasant and easy means of one branch of human happiness during life. Nothing can give parents greater pleasure, than to see children readily receive instruction of the most useful kind. The Purchaser may expect many imperfections, as the Author is very fallible, yet the candid will be disposed to overlook the necessary mistakes which often occur in books of this kind; and as my eye-sight (on some accounts) has fail'd me, for nearly forty years, I wish the singing Masters, who find minims of 7ths, 9ths, or 2nds, to remove them with their pen; for I have not designedly set any in that connection. . [New par.] Tho' Music has made vast progress in twenty-five years, yet some professed friends have made horrid havoc of it, in a few years; perhaps, to line their own pockets; as no other object appears to the public. Mr. Wm. Billings and Capt. Abrm. Wood were first Authors of Note in America, Anno. 1770, &c. A number since, in succession, have offered their acceptable works to the public, whose names are too numerous to be mentioned; but some Authors and Publishers of Tunes, who, (in a number of the states) seem to be void of stock, have been bold enough to take tunes from Billings, Wood, Babcock, Reed, Kimball, Gillet, Brownson, &c. &c. without leave and publish and sell them without the Author's notice, chiefly before the Congress had given power to Authors for securing CopyRights; this laid those Authors under the necessity of loosing the benefit of their best compositions. This mode of avarice, has been practiced by some printers, wishing to appear, as Authors, rather than Publishers, have, wasted cartloads of paper, which must forever lie, as useless lumber on the hands of credulous purchasers, unless us'd for wrapping paper; and bring a just odium, on their compilers. This truth, ought to impress every ingenuous mind, with a proper resentment against such impious intruders on human rights, who, (under pretence of serving the public) are taking away the hard earn'd bread of ingenious and very dependent Authors, who, by these means are render'd unable to publish their own Compositions.' (Advertisement almost entire.) 

          34 compositions for 4 voices; full text. No attribs.; all apparently by Howe. 34 1st pr. identified. All are American. 

No Core Repertory.

          S6508 (no copy on Readex). CLU, CtHC, DLC, MBAt, MHi (2), MWA, MiU-C*, N, NRU-Mus, RPB.

NOTE: A Boston music periodical, The Euterpeiad (8 June 1822), p. 46, reprinted, 'verbatim et literatim,' an excerpt from the Newark New Jersey Eagle, written by a correspondent who complained of modern-day disrespect for 'yankey' composers. In the course of an often ungrammatical diatribe, he wrote the following, an almost direct quotation from the middle of Howe's 'Advertisement':

mr William Billings and Cap't Abrm Wood was The first Author of Note in America in the Year 1770 &c. a Number in Succession Since have offer'd there Acceptible work to The publick Who's Names I will Not Mention . . .

ASMI 274A 

The Farmer's Evening Entertainment . . .  1804.

32 p.

Advertisement dated Greenwich, Mass., April 1804. Assumed to be later than main entry because of note on p. 32 identifying an error on p. 16 of the music. Contents same as main entry, except p. 32, 'Error' noted.

          Music same as main entry.

ASMI 274B

[The Farmer's Evening Entertainment?]

This issue is an untitled composite; p. [3]-16 are the same as Howe's The Farmer's Evening Entertainment; p. 17-32 are the same as p. 1-8 'additional,' p. 1-8 of the undated anonymous The Psalm-Singer's Amusement (No. 410), with only the page numbers changed.

32 p.

[After 1804.] Since The Farmer's Evening Entertainment was issued in 1804, it is likely that this item, containing an excerpt from that work, appeared later. p. [1], 'Index'; p. [2] blank; p. [3]-6, 'Rules of Music'; p. [7]-32, music.

          35 compositions for 4 voices; full text. Attribs. to L. Babcock (2), W. Billings (12), A. Wood (2). No 1st pr. identified. 28 American compositions, 6 non-American, I unidentified [CALADONIA] (16 attrib. to Americans, 12 traced; 6 traced to non-Americans). 

17 Core Repertory.

          Not in Shaw-Shoemaker (no copy on Readex). NcWsM (2).

Worshipper's Assistant, [1st ed.], 1799 ASMI 275 

WORSHIPPER'S ASSISTANT, 1799-1804

Worshipper's Assistant, [1st ed.], 1799

ASMI 275 

Worshipper's Assistant. Containing the rules of music, and a variety of easy and plain psalm tunes: adapted to the weakest capacities, and designed for extensive utility, as an introduction to more critical and curious music. By Solomon Howe. A.M.


Our kind Creator form'd our voice, / To speak his praise in grateful joys; / His saints on earth, and saints above, / Concordant sing his boundless love.

Vast privilege we here possess, / To tune our Saviour's pow'r and grace; / To use our weak imperfect tongues, / -To imitate seraphic songs.

Music, with all its heav'nly charms, / Invites us to our Saviour's arms; / Where millions pardon'd by his blood, / In sweetest praise, adore their God.

Let citizens and churches join, / In grateful praise, with joy divine; / With mutual love in all their hearts, / Perform the tune in all its parts.

When parents lead in sacred songs, / Children pursue with cheerful tongues; / 'Till true harmonic chords excite, / The whole to joy's sublime delight.

For heav'n itself consists in praise, / Express'd the most delightful ways; / There, saints, in love's most rapt'rous flame, / In music, praise Messiah's name.

Copy right secured, according to act of Congress. Printed, typographically, at Northampton, Massachusetts. By Andrew Wright: -For the author. Sold by him in Greenwich; by D. Wright, in Northampton; by B. Larkin, in Boston; by G. Merriam, in Worcest[e]r; by E. Merriam & Co. in Brookfield; by C. Smith & Co. Pittsfield; by J. Mycall, in Newburyport; by J. Babcock, in Hartford; by B. Woodward, Esq. at Dartmouth College; by C. Davis, in Newyork; by O. Penniman, in Albany; by J. Carter, in Providence; by M. Carey, in Phila-delphia; by S. Butler, in Baltimore; and by J. Dwight, in Conajohary. - 1799.

32 p. 13.5 x 22.5 cm.

Preface dated Greenwich, Mass., 14 Feb. 1799. Northampton Hampshire Gazette, 27 Feb. 1799, advertises work as just published, notice dated 18 Feb. p. [1], t-p.; p. [2], 'Preface'; p. [3]-5, 'Rules of Music'; p. [6], 'Necessary Directions' & 'Erratta'; p. 7-32, music; p. 32, Alphabetical Index to the Tunes. This small Pamphlet is designed only, as an Introduction to plain and simple Music, which is adapted to Children and Beginners in the art. And if the Tunes here contained, can prove useful to Farmers and Mechanicks, the Author will have reason to be thankful. -Great numbers of Anthems and fuging tunes have been published in 20 years past, and by better Authors, so that it would be vain to add any of that kind, only two or thee [sic] are inserted, that I might not apper too much out of fashion; tho' I am confident that Tunes which go in score, are best for large and mixed Assemblies and Schools, and that for two reasons, viz. 1. they are much easier to be understood and remembered, 2ly. they are vastly more beautiful when applied to words; for when all parts move on harmoniously, and each performer pronounces the words with life and expresses the sentiments of the subject, in a feeling manner, the music may be called perfect: While fuging Tunes run the words into such a huddle, that, (to use the expression of a great Master of Music) [fn. Mr. E. Mann, of Northampton.] nothing but a jargon of words and syllables is heard by the auditors. Consequently the plainest me[t]hod, is best in the service of God, who requires sincerity and simplicity in his worship; therefore if we desire to belong to his spiritual assembly we should condescend to the weak, capacities of Children and foreigners, by using the plainest Tunes in our Church and family devotions that early habit may prove as a Sacred School, to lead their pliable minds to a steady habit, in virtue, harmony, and Devotion.

[New par.] The Author has put his own Hymns to the following tunes, (except p. 22, and 31,) and has, in M. S. 500 more, which he intends to publish in future.' (Extract from Preface.)

          43 compositions for 4 voices; full text. No attribs.; all apparently by Howe. 43 1st pr. identified. All are American. 

No Core Repertory.

          E35643 (MWA). CCC, CSmH, CtHC, CtHi, CtY (2), DLC (4), MB, MH, MSaE (3), MWA, MiU-C*, NBuG, NN, RPB, RPJCB.

Worshipper's Assistant, [2d ed.], 1804


PREFATORY NOTE: The second edition has title-page and front matter that, except for the Advertisement, are virtually identical with Howe's The Farmer's Evening Entertainment (Northampton, 1804), q.v. However, except for p. 7-8, the music is the same as the first edition, so that the 'new tunes' promised on the title-page are not new at all.

ASMI 276 

Glory to God in the highest, peace on Earth, good will to men! Worshipper's Assistant. Containing, I. Characters, rules and directions for vocal music. II. A number of new tunes of as various airs and metres as the compass of the book will admit. III. New hymns, taken from sacred writ, and adapted to the tunes; calculated for social worship. By Solomon Howe, Α.Μ.

1. When lab'rers quit their cares for rest, / With calm content and friendship blest; /They may their ev'ning hours employ, / In gratitude and social joy. 2. Sweetly their tuneful voices join, / To shew their Maker's praise divine; / Sincere delight attends their songs, / In their united hearts and tongues. 3. Domestic pleasures cheer their mind, / While male and female voices join'd; / Attract the heart and charm the ear, /And God supreme delights to hear! 4. Thus let our tuneful voices prove, / The means of friendship, peace and love; / Improv'd to serve and honor God, / - Prepar'd for his sublime abode.

Copy right secur'd to the author fourteen years. Printed at Northampton, by Andrew Wright-for the author. Sold by him, in Greenwich; and by the booksellers in Northampton, Boston, N. York, Albany, Hartford, Exeter, Providence, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and coun-try merchants. - Price 25 cents. - 1804.

32 p.

Advertisement dated Greenwich, Mass., April 1804. p. [1], t-p.; p. [2], 'Advertisement & 'Erreta'; p. [3]-6, 'Rules of Music'; p. 6, 'An Explanation of Terms Used in Music'; p. [7]-32, music; p. 32, 'Alphabetical Index to the Tunes.' 'Perhaps the following tunes will not suit the taste of the public, as there may be a disagreeable sameness, in the estimation of some; but I hope not so disgustful, as to render the whole work useless.. [Thereafter, same as ist par. of Advertisement to Howe, The Farmer's Evening Entertainment.] (Extract from Advertisement.)

41 compositions for 4 voices; full text. No attribs.; all apparently by Howe. 2 Ist pr. identified (BALTIMORE, NORTHAMPTON). All are American. 

No Core Repertory.

          Not in Shaw-Shoemaker (no copy on Readex). NRU-Mus (p. [2], 'Errata' at bottom of p., not 'Erretta'), NcWsM, RPB*.

ASMI 276A 

Glory to God... Worshipper's Assistant.... By Solomon Howe... Printed at Northampton, by Andrew Wright-for the author. 1804.

1 p.l., 32 p., 11. Copy bound in covers with printing on them; covers treated here

as leaves.

Advertisement dated Greenwich, Mass., April 1804. p.l. recto blank; verso, 1. numbered p. 4, 'Continuation of Musical Characters' & 'Explanation of the Musical Characters'; p. [1], t-p.; p. [2], 'Advertisement' & 'Erretta'; p. [3]-6, 'Rules of Music'; p. 7-32, music; p. 32, 'Alphabetical Index to the Tunes'; 1. recto numbered p. 5, 'Of a Pendulum', 'Of Beating Time' & 'An Explanation of Terms used in Music'; verso blank.

          Music same as main entry.

          S6510 (MWA). MWA*, NcWsM.


NOTE: The inside front and back covers are p. 4-5 from Howe, Worshipper's Assistant, 1799.

ASMI 2768 

Glory to God. . . Worshipper's Assistant . . . By Solomon Howe . . . Printed at Northampton, by Andrew Wright-for the author. . . . 1804.

1 p.l., 32, [7]-8 р.

Preface dated Greenwich, Mass., 14 Feb. 1799; Advertisement dated Greenwich, Mass., April 1804. p.l. recto blank; verso, 'Preface'; p. [1], t-p.; p. [2], 'Advertisement' & 'Errata'; p. [3]-6, 'Rules of Music'; p. 6, 'Explanation of Terms used in Music'; p. [7]-32, music; p. 32, 'Alphabetical Index to the Tunes'; p. [7]-8, music. p. 8 pasted onto inside back cover; identity of piece is unknown.

          Music same as main entry, except for added two tunes on p. [7], inside back cover.

          Not in Shaw-Shoemaker (no copy on Readex). InGo*.

NOTE: The Preface on the inside front cover and the tunes (AUGUSTA & NEW-JERSEY) on the inside back cover are from Howe, Worshipper's Assistant, 1799. The Advertisement on p. [2], signed 'S.H.,' is from Howe, The Farmer's Evening Entertainment.

ASMI pp. 335-340.